1,413 research outputs found
Strongly coupled plasma with electric and magnetic charges
A number of theoretical and lattice results lead us to believe that
Quark-Gluon Plasma not too far from contains not only electrically
charged quasiparticles -- quarks and gluons -- but magnetically charged ones --
monopoles and dyons -- as well. Although binary systems like charge-monopole
and charge-dyon were considered in details before in both classical and quantum
settings, it is the first study of coexisting electric and magnetic particles
in many-body context. We perform Molecular Dynamics study of strongly coupled
plasmas with particles and different fraction of magnetic charges.
Correlation functions and Kubo formulae lead to such transport properties as
diffusion constant, shear viscosity and electric conductivity: we compare the
first two with empirical data from RHIC experiments as well as results from
AdS/CFT correspondence. We also study a number of collective excitations in
these systems.Comment: 2nd version, 22 pages, 32 figures: two important new figures have
been included to compare our results with RHIC experiments and AdS/CFT
results; a few new references and comments are added as wel
Static Potentials and the Magnetic Component of QCD Plasma near
Static quark-anti-quark potential encodes important information on the
chromodynamical interaction between color charges, and recent lattice results
show its very nontrivial behavior near the deconfinement temperature . In
this paper we study such potential in the framework of the ``magnetic
scenario'' for the near Tc QCD plasma, and particularly focus on the linear
part (as quantified by its slope, the tension) in the potential as well as the
strong splitting between the free energy and internal energy. By using an
analytic ``ellipsoidal bag'' model, we will quantitatively relate the free
energy tension to the magnetic condensate density and relate the internal
energy tension to the thermal monopole density. By converting the lattice
results for static potential into density for thermal monopoles we find the
density to be very large around Tc and indicate at quantum coherence, in good
agreement with direct lattice calculation of such density. A few important
consequences for heavy ion collisions phenomenology will also be discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Theory of noise suppression in {\Lambda}-type quantum memories by means of a cavity
Quantum memories, capable of storing single photons or other quantum states
of light, to be retrieved on-demand, offer a route to large-scale quantum
information processing with light. A promising class of memories is based on
far-off-resonant Raman absorption in ensembles of -type atoms. However
at room temperature these systems exhibit unwanted four-wave mixing, which is
prohibitive for applications at the single-photon level. Here we show how this
noise can be suppressed by placing the storage medium inside a moderate-finesse
optical cavity, thereby removing the main roadblock hindering this approach to
quantum memory.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. This paper provides the theoretical background
to our recent experimental demonstration of noise suppression in a
cavity-enhanced Raman-type memory ( arXiv:1510.04625 ). See also the related
paper arXiv:1511.05448, which describes numerical modelling of an atom-filled
cavity. Comments welcom
High-speed noise-free optical quantum memory
Quantum networks promise to revolutionise computing, simulation, and
communication. Light is the ideal information carrier for quantum networks, as
its properties are not degraded by noise in ambient conditions, and it can
support large bandwidths enabling fast operations and a large information
capacity. Quantum memories, devices that store, manipulate, and release on
demand quantum light, have been identified as critical components of photonic
quantum networks, because they facilitate scalability. However, any noise
introduced by the memory can render the device classical by destroying the
quantum character of the light. Here we introduce an intrinsically noise-free
memory protocol based on two-photon off-resonant cascaded absorption (ORCA). We
consequently demonstrate for the first time successful storage of GHz-bandwidth
heralded single photons in a warm atomic vapour with no added noise; confirmed
by the unaltered photon statistics upon recall. Our ORCA memory platform meets
the stringent noise-requirements for quantum memories whilst offering technical
simplicity and high-speed operation, and therefore is immediately applicable to
low-latency quantum networks
Ligand selectivity in tachykinin and natalisin neuropeptidergic systems of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor
Citation: Jiang, H., Kim, D., Dobesh, S., Evans, J. D., Nachman, R. J., Kaczmarek, K., . . . Park, Y. (2016). Ligand selectivity in tachykinin and natalisin neuropeptidergic systems of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor. Scientific Reports, 6, 8. doi:10.1038/srep19547The varroa mite, Varroa destructor, is a devastating ectoparasite of the honey bees Apis mellifera and A. cerana. Control of these mites in beehives is a challenge in part due to the lack of toxic agents that are specific to mites and not to the host honey bee. In searching for a specific toxic target of varroa mites, we investigated two closely related neuropeptidergic systems, tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) and natalisin (NTL), and their respective receptors. Honey bees lack both NTL and the NTL receptor in their genome sequences, providing the rationale for investigating these receptors to understand their specificities to various ligands. We characterized the receptors for NTL and TRP of V. destructor (VdNTL-R and VdTRP-R, respectively) and for TRP of A. mellifera (AmTRP-R) in a heterologous reporter assay system to determine the activities of various ligands including TRP/NTL peptides and peptidomimetics. Although we found that AmTRP-R is highly promiscuous, activated by various ligands including two VdNTL peptides when a total of 36 ligands were tested, we serendipitously found that peptides carrying the C-terminal motif-FWxxRamide are highly specific to VdTRP-R. This motif can serve as a seed sequence for designing a VdTRP-R-specific agonist
Interfacing GHz-bandwidth heralded single photons with a room-temperature Raman quantum memory
Photonics is a promising platform for quantum technologies. However, photon
sources and two-photon gates currently only operate probabilistically.
Large-scale photonic processing will therefore be impossible without a
multiplexing strategy to actively select successful events. High
time-bandwidth-product quantum memories - devices that store and retrieve
single photons on-demand - provide an efficient remedy via active
synchronisation. Here we interface a GHz-bandwidth heralded single-photon
source and a room-temperature Raman memory with a time-bandwidth product
exceeding 1000. We store heralded single photons and observe a clear influence
of the input photon statistics on the retrieved light, which agrees with our
theoretical model. The preservation of the stored field's statistics is limited
by four-wave-mixing noise, which we identify as the key remaining challenge in
the development of practical memories for scalable photonic information
processing
The role of histone arginine methylation in gene expression of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma
Introduction and objectives: Asthma is estimated to affect at least 300 million people globally. About 25% of the patients do not respond to therapy; therefore we need to develop novel treatments. ASM cells have a crucial role in asthma, contributing to airway remodelling, inflammation and airflow obstruction. We have previously shown that epigenetic histone modifications, particularly histone lysine acetylation and methylation regulate the secretion of inflammatory mediators from ASM cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that histone arginine changes are also involved. Protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the enzymes which catalyse histone arginine methylation (HRme, the addition of a methyl group to arginine residues on the N-terminal tails of histones), and inhibiting them represents a strategy to reduce the secretion of inflammatory mediators from ASM cells.
Methods: Studies were performed in cultured human ASM cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors at passage 6. PRMT expression in human ASM cells was investigated by qPCR. Protein levels of four PRMTs in human ASM cells were investigated by western blotting. The effect of inhibiting PRMTs on the secretion of eotaxin, IL-6, CXCL8 and IP-10 from healthy ASM cells, under basal conditions and following stimulation with TNF-α (1ng/ml), was investigated by ELISA.
Results: We found that ASM cells express the PRMT1, PRMT2, PRMT3, CARM1, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7 and FBX011 mRNA and PRMT1, CARM1, PRMT5, and PRMT6 protein. The analysis showed no difference in the levels of expression between cells isolated from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors. Two PRMT inhibitors, namely TCE5003 – a PRMT1 inhibitor, and 217531 - a CARM1 inhibitor, significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory mediators from ASM cells.
Conclusions: ASM cells express a number of PRMTs at mRNA and protein levels. The inhibition of PRMTs results in the reduced secretion of inflammatory mediators from ASM cells. PRMTs may have an important role in regulating chemokine production from ASM cells in asthma, and are a promising target for future investigations in asthma
Heavy-Quark Diffusion and Hadronization in Quark-Gluon Plasma
We calculate diffusion and hadronization of heavy quarks in high-energy
heavy-ion collisions implementing the notion of a strongly coupled quark-gluon
plasma in both micro- and macroscopic components. The diffusion process is
simulated using relativistic Fokker-Planck dynamics for elastic scattering in a
hydrodynamic background. The heavy-quark transport coefficients in the medium
are obtained from non-perturbative -matrix interactions which build up
resonant correlations close to the transition temperature. The latter also form
the basis for hadronization of heavy quarks into heavy-flavor mesons via
recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pertinent resonance
recombination satisfies energy conservation and provides an equilibrium mapping
between quark and meson distributions. The recombination probability is derived
from the resonant heavy-quark scattering rate. Consequently, recombination
dominates at low transverse momentum () and yields to fragmentation at
high . Our approach thus emphasizes the role of resonance correlations in
the diffusion and hadronization processes. We calculate the nuclear
modification factor and elliptic flow of - and -mesons for Au-Au
collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and compare their
decay-electron spectra to available data. We also find that a realistic
description of the medium flow is essential for a quantitative interpretation
of the data.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure
Deconfinement in Matrix Models about the Gross--Witten Point
We study the deconfining phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories at nonzero
temperature using a matrix model of Polyakov loops. The most general effective
action, including all terms up to two spatial derivatives, is presented. At
large N, the action is dominated by the loop potential: following Aharony et
al., we show how the Gross--Witten model represents an ultra-critical point in
this potential. Although masses vanish at the Gross--Witten point, the
transition is of first order, as the fundamental loop jumps only halfway to its
perturbative value. Comparing numerical analysis of the N=3 matrix model to
lattice simulations, for three colors the deconfining transition appears to be
near the Gross--Witten point. To see if this persists for N >= 4, we suggest
measuring within a window ~1/N^2 of the transition temperature.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures; revtex4. A new Fig. 2 illustrates a strongly
first order transition away from the GW point; discussion added to clarify
relation to hep-th/0310285. Conclusions include a discussion of recent
lattice data for N>3, hep-lat/0411039 and hep-lat/050200
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